![]() ![]() By contrast, non-pathogenic melanin-deficient mutants, exhibit low spatially homogeneous membrane tension. We show that extreme pressure in the appressorium leads to large-scale spatial heterogeneities in membrane mechanics, much greater than those observed in any cell type previously. ![]() ![]() Here, using fluorescence lifetime imaging of a membrane-targeting molecular mechanoprobe, we quantify changes in membrane tension in M. The vast internal pressure of an appressorium is very challenging to investigate, leaving our understanding of the cellular mechanics of plant infection incomplete. The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae uses a pressurized infection cell called an appressorium to drive a rigid penetration peg through the leaf cuticle. Genome editing can be used in an innovative way to resurrect previously effective resistance genes (Contreras et al., 2023), but has been less effective at introducing new forms of disease resistance to crops. In this context, genetic modification has proven to be a much more powerful technology so far to introduce these genes from distinct varieties, or even different species, to develop disease resistant crop species (Greenwood et al., 2023), especially when multiple disease resistance loci can be introduced together to provide more durable resistance (Luo et al., 2021). This is because plant immunity often depends on single dominant resistance genes, which encode immune receptors that recognise secreted effectors deployed by plant pathogens (Jones and Dangl, 2006). However, genome editing has so far seldom been used to develop disease-resistant crops. As a consequence, plant breeding can be taken to a new level of precision, and many countries are moving rapidly to adopt new legislation to permit genome editing (Greenwood et al., 2023). Genome editing is a transformational technology– by precisely altering the coding or regulatory sequence of a specific gene, it is now possible to change specific traits within a wide variety of organisms. Defining the phosphorylation landscape of infection therefore identifies potential therapeutic interventions for control of plant diseases. We define 33 substrates of Pmk1 and show that Pmk1-dependent phosphorylation of a newly identified regulator, Vts1, is required for rice blast disease. We then used parallel reaction monitoring to identify phosphoproteins directly regulated by the Pmk1 MAP kinase that controls plant infection by M. Comparing phosphosite conservation across 41 fungal species reveals phosphorylation signatures specifically associated with biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungal infection. We mapped 8,005 phosphosites on 2,062 fungal proteins, revealing major re-wiring of phosphorylation-based signaling cascades during fungal infection. Here we present a quantitative mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomic analysis of infection-related development by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, which threatens global food security. Many of the world's most devastating crop diseases are caused by fungal pathogens which elaborate specialized infection structures to invade plant tissue. We propose that our protocol for profiling cell-specific transcripts will apply to several stimulus-specific contexts and other plant–pathogen interactions. arabidopsidis-haustoriated cells, we found genes that promote either susceptibility or resistance to the pathogen, providing insights into the Arabidopsis–downy mildew interaction. Among the host genes specifically expressed in H. arabidopsidis at the cellular level, we devised a translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) system using two high-affinity binding proteins, colicin E9 and Im9 (immunity protein of colicin E9), applicable to pathogen-responsive promoters, thus enabling haustoriated cell-specific RNA profiling. To determine interactions between Arabidopsis and H. Previous transcriptome analyses have revealed host genes are specifically induced during infection however, RNA profiling from whole infected tissues may fail to capture key transcriptional events occurring exclusively in haustoriated host cells where the pathogen injects virulence effectors to modulate host immunity. The downy mildew oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, an obligate filamentous pathogen, infects Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana) by forming structures called haustoria inside host cells. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |